DrTarget has also accessed to Connectopedia DB to analyze the effects of predicted GLP1R PAMs on expression of genes induced or repressed by GLP1R activation with its usual interactions map.
Overexpressed genes
Underexpressed genes
We can just focus on genes and molecules to check most common interactions.
Overexpressed genes
Underexpressed genes
The treeMap allows a simple simultaneous visualization of over and underexpressed genes.
Reported effects of GLP1R activation on gene expression
| gene_symbol | gene_title | signal | function | articleTitle | refLink |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADIPOQ | adiponectin | increase | adipocytes | Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, directly induces adiponectin expression through protein kinase A pathway and prevents inflammatory adipokine expression | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.015 |
| AKT1 | AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813233/ |
| AKT2 | AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813233/ |
| AKT3 | AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813233/ |
| BAX | BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator | decrease | neurogenesis | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828015/ |
| BAX | BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator | decrease | pancreas | Mechanisms of Action of GLP-1 in the Pancreas | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1934514/ |
| BCL2 | BCL2 apoptosis regulator | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828015/ |
| BCL2 | BCL2 apoptosis regulator | increase | pancreas | Mechanisms of Action of GLP-1 in the Pancreas | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1934514/ |
| BCL2L1 | BCL2 like 1 | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828015/ |
| BDNF | brain derived neurotrophic factor | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813233/ |
| C1QA | Complement component 1q A | decrease | microglia | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation in the Brain in Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455625/ |
| C1QB | Complement component 1q B | decrease | microglia | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation in the Brain in Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455625/ |
| C1QC | Complement component 1q C | decrease | microglia | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation in the Brain in Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455625/ |
| CASP1 | caspase 1 | decrease | microglia | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation in the Brain in Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455625/ |
| CASP3 | caspase 3 | decrease | pancreas | Mechanisms of Action of GLP-1 in the Pancreas | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1934514/ |
| CCL2 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1583 |
| CCL5 | C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 | increase | monocytic cell line | Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97967-4 |
| CCND1 | Cyclin D1 | increase | pancreas | Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor Signalling Pathway: A Relevant Strategy to Repair a Deficient Beta-Cell Mass | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118608/ |
| CD163 | Macrophage-Associated Antigen | increase | monocytic cell line | Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97967-3 |
| COL1A1 | Collagen type I | decrease | hepatocytes, smooth muscle | Differential importance of endothelial and hematopoietic cell GLP-1Rs for cardiometabolic versus hepatic actions of semaglutide | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8663785/ |
| CXCL1 | C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1584 |
| CXCL2 | C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1585 |
| FASN | Fatty acid synthase | decrease | hepatocytes, adipose tissue | GLP-1/GLP-1R Signaling in Regulation of Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipogenesis | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28668964/ |
| FN1 | Fibronectin | decrease | lung | GLP-1 receptor agonist ameliorates experimental lung fibrosis | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-74912-1 |
| G6PC | Glucose-6-phosphatase | decrease | hepatocytes | Duodenal GLP-1 signaling regulates hepatic glucose production through a PKC-?-dependent neurocircuitry | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28182013/ |
| GCG | Proglucagon | increase | Enteroendocrine L Cells (Intestinal Epithelium) | GLP-1 receptor signaling increases PCSK1 and β cell features in human α cells | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7934853/ |
| GCK | Glucokinase | increase | pancreas | Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor Signalling Pathway: A Relevant Strategy to Repair a Deficient Beta-Cell Mass | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118608/ |
| GDNF | glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor | increase | neurons | The neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: An in-depth review | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.970925/full |
| GLP1 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 | increase | Enteroendocrine L Cells (Intestinal Epithelium) | GLP-1 receptor signaling increases PCSK1 and β cell features in human α cells | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7934853/ |
| GLUT2 | Glucose transporter 2 | increase | pancreas | Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor Signalling Pathway: A Relevant Strategy to Repair a Deficient Beta-Cell Mass | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118608/ |
| IFNG | interferon-? | increase | monocytic cell line | Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97967-2 |
| IL12B | interleukin 12B | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1581 |
| IL1A | interleukin-1a | decrease | microglia | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation in the Brain in Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455625/ |
| IL1B | interleukin-1B | decrease | monocytic cell line | Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97967-0 |
| IL1B | interleukin-1B | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1578 |
| IL1B | interleukin-1B | increase | hypothalamus | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor induced suppression of food intake, and body weight is mediated by central IL-1 and IL-6 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791711/ |
| IL22 | interleukin 22 | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1580 |
| IL6 | interleukin 6 | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1579 |
| IL6 | interleukin 6 | increase | hypothalamus | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor induced suppression of food intake, and body weight is mediated by central IL-1 and IL-6 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791711/ |
| IL6 | interleukin 6 | decrease | neurogenesis, macrophages, immune cells | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828015/ |
| INS | insulin | increase | pancreas | GLP-1 signaling and the regulation of pancreatic β-cells mass/function | https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-avances-diabetologia-326-articulo-glp-1-signaling-regulation-pancreatic-cells-S1134323011700023 |
| IRS2 | insulin receptor substrate 2 | increase | pancreas | GLP-1 signaling and the regulation of pancreatic β-cells mass/function | https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-avances-diabetologia-326-articulo-glp-1-signaling-regulation-pancreatic-cells-S1134323011700023 |
| MGAT3 | mannosyl (beta-1,4-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | decrease | neurogenesis | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813233/ |
| MTOR | mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813233/ |
| NEUROG3 | neurogenin-3 | increase | pancreas | Exendin-4 enhances expression of Neurod1 and Glut2 in insulin-producing cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754381/ |
| NLRP3 | inflammasome component | decrease | microglia | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation in the Brain in Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9455625/ |
| NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 | decrease | neurogenesis | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828015/ |
| NOS2 | nitric oxide synthase 2 | decrease | neurogenesis | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828015/ |
| NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 | decrease | neurogenesis | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828015/ |
| NPPA | atrial natriuretic peptide | increase | lung | Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in a Female Mouse Model of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32010874/ |
| NPPB | brain natriuretic peptide | decrease | heart | Glucagon-like peptide 1 reverses myocardial hypertrophy through cAMP/PKA/RhoA/ROCK2 signaling | https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmaa038 |
| NTRK2 | neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 | increase | neurogenesis | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813233/ |
| PCK1 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase | decrease | hepatocytes | Duodenal GLP-1 signaling regulates hepatic glucose production through a PKC-?-dependent neurocircuitry | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28182013/ |
| PDX1 | pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 | increase | pancreas | GLP-1 signaling and the regulation of pancreatic β-cells mass/function | https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-avances-diabetologia-326-articulo-glp-1-signaling-regulation-pancreatic-cells-S1134323011700023 |
| POMC | proopiomelanocortin | increase | decrease food intake via hypothalamus | Exendin-4 reduces food intake via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the hypothalamus | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06951-0 |
| PPARA | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha | increase | liver | Glucagon like-peptide 1 receptor and the liver | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02626.x |
| PPARG | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma | increase | liver | Glucagon like-peptide 1 receptor and the liver | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02626.x |
| PRKAA1 | Protein Kinase AMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Alpha 1 | increase | hepatocytes | Liraglutide reduces fatty degeneration in hepatic cells via the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4665609/ |
| SLC2A2 | Glucose transporter 2 | increase | pancreas | Exendin-4 enhances expression of Neurod1 and Glut2 in insulin-producing cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754381/ |
| SREBF1 | sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 | decrease | hepatocytes | Liraglutide reduces fatty degeneration in hepatic cells via the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4665609/ |
| TFF3 | trefoil factor 3 | decrease | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1577 |
| TNFA | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha | decrease | monocytic cell line | Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97967-0 |
| TNFA | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha | increase | small intestine | GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1582 |